硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料制备与成型工艺的研究进展
doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20230074
Advances in Fabrication and Moulding Process of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Materials
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摘要: 硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料凭借其优秀的理化性能和机械性能,广泛应用于国民生产和国防军工等多个领域,具有不可替代的重要作用。同时,随着材料成型技术的进步,又发展出一些性能增强的新型硬质聚氨酯复合材料。本文综述了硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料的原料体系、成型工艺及阻燃聚氨酯泡沫、材料增强方法的最近研究进展,详细分析了异氰酸酯、多元醇和多种纤维和粒子增强材料对硬质聚氨酯泡沫性能的增强机理及影响规律。最后,对硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料的未来研究和发展方向进行了展望。
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关键词:
- 硬质聚氨酯泡沫 /
- 成型工艺 /
- 复合材料 /
- 性能增强
Abstract: With its excellent physical and chemical properties and mechanical properties, rigid polyurethane foam materials are widely used in many fields such as national production and defence industry, and have an irreplaceable and important role to play. Meanwhile, with the progress of material forming technology, some new rigid polyurethane composites with enhanced properties have been developed. This paper reviews the recent research progress on the raw material system, moulding process and flame retardant polyurethane foam and material reinforcement methods of rigid polyurethane foam materials, and analyzes in detail the reinforcement mechanism and influence law of isocyanate, polyol and various fibers and particle reinforcement materials on the performance of rigid polyurethane foam. Finally, the future research and development directions of rigid polyurethane foams are presented.-
Key words:
- rigid polyurethane foam /
- moulding process /
- composite /
- property enhancement
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图 1 水发泡过程异氰酸酯参与的主要反应
图 2 硬质聚氨酯泡沫浇注成型与喷涂成型示意图
图中A料为多元醇及助剂混合体系,又称为白料;B料为多异氰酸酯,又称为黑料
图 3 RIM[ 1]、RRIM、SRIM工艺的工艺流程示意图
图 4 不同GF质量分数下RPUF/GF复合材料SEM成像[ 36]
图 5 预处理前后碳纤维在聚氨酯基体中的SEM成像预处理后的CF表面有凹槽,与基体结合更紧密[ 43]
图 6 用于强化聚氨酯硬泡的异形碳纤维
图 7 纯RPUF与CNT/RPUF复合材料SEM成像图[ 70]
表 1 RIM、RRIM、SRIM工艺比较[ 21]
比较项目 RIM RRIM SRIM 增强材料类型 无 粉末状 网状、纤维状 增强材料加入方式 无 预先混入原料 摆放于模腔中 是否需要计量泵 需要 不需要 需要 充压气缸 需要 需要 需要 注射位置 侧面 侧面 模具中心 原料黏度/(mPa·s) 约2 000 100 ~ 10 000 <500 玻璃钢生产厂家佛山卡通玻璃钢雕塑定制宝鸡玻璃钢雕塑价格黔东南商场美陈搭建广东商场节庆美陈雕塑摆件定制深圳超市商场美陈采购公园摆件玻璃钢雕塑报价表淮阴景观玻璃钢花盆青岛彩绘玻璃钢雕塑信阳玻璃钢雕塑制作厂家郑州抽象玻璃钢卡通雕塑制作新乡水景玻璃钢雕塑定制淮安动物玻璃钢雕塑设计武汉三水玻璃钢人物雕塑甘肃玻璃钢卡通雕塑哪家好华龙玻璃钢雕塑厂家长治玻璃钢人物雕塑价格黟县玻璃钢雕塑厂家天门玻璃钢卡通雕塑玻璃钢雕塑开裂这怎么修补成都玻璃钢雕塑欧式河南玻璃钢雕塑生产公司雕塑玻璃钢设计浙江特色商场美陈报价安庆玻璃钢雕塑优势秦皇岛玻璃钢雕塑价格表潮州美陈玻璃钢雕塑大悟玻璃钢造型雕塑周口玻璃钢景观雕塑定制河北动物玻璃钢雕塑多少钱北京景观玻璃钢雕塑价位香港通过《维护国家安全条例》两大学生合买彩票中奖一人不认账让美丽中国“从细节出发”19岁小伙救下5人后溺亡 多方发声单亲妈妈陷入热恋 14岁儿子报警汪小菲曝离婚始末遭遇山火的松茸之乡雅江山火三名扑火人员牺牲系谣言何赛飞追着代拍打萧美琴窜访捷克 外交部回应卫健委通报少年有偿捐血浆16次猝死手机成瘾是影响睡眠质量重要因素高校汽车撞人致3死16伤 司机系学生315晚会后胖东来又人满为患了小米汽车超级工厂正式揭幕中国拥有亿元资产的家庭达13.3万户周杰伦一审败诉网易男孩8年未见母亲被告知被遗忘许家印被限制高消费饲养员用铁锨驱打大熊猫被辞退男子被猫抓伤后确诊“猫抓病”特朗普无法缴纳4.54亿美元罚金倪萍分享减重40斤方法联合利华开始重组张家界的山上“长”满了韩国人?张立群任西安交通大学校长杨倩无缘巴黎奥运“重生之我在北大当嫡校长”黑马情侣提车了专访95后高颜值猪保姆考生莫言也上北大硕士复试名单了网友洛杉矶偶遇贾玲专家建议不必谈骨泥色变沉迷短剧的人就像掉进了杀猪盘奥巴马现身唐宁街 黑色着装引猜测七年后宇文玥被薅头发捞上岸事业单位女子向同事水杯投不明物质凯特王妃现身!外出购物视频曝光河南驻马店通报西平中学跳楼事件王树国卸任西安交大校长 师生送别恒大被罚41.75亿到底怎么缴男子被流浪猫绊倒 投喂者赔24万房客欠租失踪 房东直发愁西双版纳热带植物园回应蜉蝣大爆发钱人豪晒法院裁定实锤抄袭外国人感慨凌晨的中国很安全胖东来员工每周单休无小长假白宫:哈马斯三号人物被杀测试车高速逃费 小米:已补缴老人退休金被冒领16年 金额超20万
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